[Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in AIDS patients. Hepatotoxicity of HAART in patients with hepatitis B or C]. / Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva en pacientes con sida. Hepatotoxicidad de la terapia de alta eficacia (TARGA) en pacientes con coinfección por VHB o VHC.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) develops in 1-8% of patients with AIDS, for which it is a disease-defining condition. PML presents mainly in severely immunocompromised male intravenous drug users, having viral loads greater than log5 RNA copies/mL and CD4 populations lower than 150 cells/mm3. Death of AIDS patients with PML occurred after only 4 to 6 months before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), the only ones that have shown to prolong survival. Viral hepatitis is not the only liver condition affecting patients with AIDS, opportunistic infections and neoplasms, such as lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, as well as biliary disease are also encountered but, fortunately, they are currently less frequent as a result of the new antiretroviral treatments. The risks of HAART hepatotoxicity in patients with hepatitis B or C have been studied by several groups.

Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva en pacientes con sida. Hepatotoxicidad de la terapia de alta eficacia (TARGA) en pacientes con coinfección por VHB o VHC / Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in aids patients. Hepatotoxicity of hart in patients with hepatitis B or C

La leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva (LMP) es un criterio diagnóstico de sida. Afecta al 1-8% de los pacientes con sida (según las series), con supervivencias de 4-6 meses antes de las terapias antirretrovirales de gran actividad (TARGA). Se observa sobre todo en pacientes usuarios a drogas por vía parenteral, con inmunodeficiencia avanzada (Carga vírica: log 5 copias/ ml y CD4 < 150/ mm3). Parece que sólo los pacientes bajo tratamiento con TARGA consiguen supervivencias más prolongadas. Las hepatitis víricas no son el único problema que se ha visto en pacientes con infección por VIH. Infecciones oportunistas y neoplasias, tales como el linfoma y sarcoma de Kaposi y problemas biliares han sido observados, si bien estos no son muy frecuentes, gracias a los nuevos tratamientos antirretrovirales. Sin embargo en pacientes con Hepatitis B o C el tratamiento antirretroviral puede causar mayor hepatotoxicidad

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) develops in 1-8% of patients with AIDS, for which it is a disease-defining condition. PML presents mainly in severely immunocompromised male intravenous drug users, having viral loads greater than log5 RNA copies/mL and CD4 populations lower than 150 cells/mm3. Death of AIDS patients with PML occurred after only 4 to 6 months before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), the only ones that have shown to prolong survival. Viral hepatitis is not the only liver condition affecting patients with AIDS, opportunistic infections and neoplasms, such as lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma, as well as biliary disease are also encountered but, fortunately, they are currently less frequent as a result of the new antiretroviral treatments. The risks of HAART hepatotoxicity in patients with hepatitis B or C have been studied by several groups

[Sensitization to Castanea sativa pollen and pollinosis in northern Extremadura (Spain)]. / Sensibilización a polen de castaño y polinosis en el norte de Extremadura.

BACKGROUND: Castanea sativa pollen allergy has generally been considered to be uncommon and clinically insignificant. In our geographical area (Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain) Castanea sativa pollen is a major pollen. OBJECTIVE: To determine the atmospheric fluctuations and prevalence of patients sensitized to Castanea pollen in our region and to compare this sensitization with sensitizations to other pollens. METHODS: Patients with respiratory symptoms attending our outpatient clinic for the first time in 2003 were studied. The patients underwent skin prick tests with commercial extracts of a battery of inhalants including Castanea sativa pollen. Serologic specific IgE to Castanea sativa pollen was determined using the CAP system (Pharmacia and Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden). Airborne pollen counts in our city were obtained using Cour collection apparatus over a 4-year period (2000 to 2003). RESULTS: The most predominant pollens detected were (mean of the maximal weekly concentrations over 4 years in pollen grains/m3): Quercus 968, Poacea 660, Olea 325, Platanus 229, Pinus 126, Cupresaceae 117, Plantago 109, Alnus 41, Populus 40, Castanea 32. We studied 346 patients (mean age: 24.1 years). In 210 patients with a diagnosis of pollinosis, the percentages of sensitization were: Dactylis glomerata 80.4%, Olea europea 71.9%, Fraxinus excelsior 68%, Plantago lanceolata 62.8%, Chenopodium album 60.9%, Robinia pseudoacacia 49%, Artemisia vulgaris 43.8%, Platanus acerifolia 36.6%, Parietaria judaica 36.1%, Populus nigra 32.3%, Betula alba 27.6%, Quercus ilex 21.4%, Alnus glutinosa 20.9%, Cupressus arizonica 7.6% and Castanea sativa 7.1%. Fifteen patients were sensitized to Castanea sativa and 14 had seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. Ten patients had serum specific IgE to Castanea pollen (maximum value: 17.4 Ku/l). Castanea pollen is present in our area in large amounts from the 23rd to the 28th weeks of the year, with a peak pollen count in the 25th week. CONCLUSIONS: The most important allergenic pollens in northern Extremadura were Poaceae, Olea europaea and Plantago sp. The prevalence of sensitization to Castanea sativa pollen was very low (7.1%). Most sensitized patients had asthma and polysensitization. Castanea sativa pollen is not a major cause of pollinosis in our area.

Sensibilización a polen de castaño y polinosis en el norte de Extremadura / Sensitization to Castanea sativa pollen and pollinosis in northern Extremadura (Spain)

Introducción: La alergia al polen de castaño (Castanea sativa) ha sido considerada rara y clínicamente insignificante. En nuestra área geográfica (Plasencia, Cáceres, España) es un polen predominante. Objetivo: Este trabajo pretende determinar las fluctuaciones atmosféricas y la existencia de individuos sensibilizados al polen de castaño y su comparación con otras especies. Métodos: Pacientes que acudieron en el año 2003 por primera vez a nuestra consulta por síntomas respiratorios. Se les realizó prueba del prick con extractos comerciales de una batería de aeroalérgenos que incluía polen de castaño. Se determinó la IgE específica a polen de Castanea sativa por CAP system (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Suecia). El estudio aerobiológico se realizó con un captador Cour, durante los años 2000-2003. Resultados: Los taxones más abundantes fueron (media de la concentración semanal máxima de los 4 años, en granos de polen/m 3 de aire): Quercus 968, gramíneas 660, olivo 325, plátano de sombra 229, pino 126, cupresáceas 117, llantén 109, aliso 41, chopo 40, castaño 32... Se estudiaron 346 pacientes. En los 210 diagnosticados de polinosis, los porcentajes de sensibilización fueron: Dactylis glomerata 80,4 %, Olea europea 71,9 %, Fraxinus excelsior 68 %, Plantago lanceolata 62,8 %, Chenopodium album 60,9 %, Robinia pseudoacacia 49 %, Artemisia vulgaris 43,8 %, Platanus acerifolia 36,6 %, Parietaria judaica 36,1 %, Populus nigra 32,3 %, Betula alba 27,6 %, Quercus ilex 21,4 %, Alnus glutinosa 20,9 %, Cupressus arizonica 7,6 % y Castanea sativa 7,1 %. Hubo quince pacientes sensibilizados al polen de castaño, catorce con rinoconjuntivitis y asma. Diez tuvieron IgE específica sérica a polen de castaño, aunque el valor mayor encontrado fue de 17,4 ku/L. El castaño polinizó en las semanas 23 a 28, con pico en la 25. Conclusiones: Los pólenes alergénicos más importantes en el norte de Extremadura fueron gramíneas, Olea europea y Plantago sp. La prevalencia de sensibilización al polen de Castanea sativa fue del 7,1 %, cifra muy baja. La mayoría de los pacientes eran asmáticos y estuvieron polisensibilizados. El polen de castaño no es un alérgeno importante en nuestra zona como causa de polinosis

Background: Castanea sativa pollen allergy has generally been considered to be uncommon and clinically insignificant. In our geographical area (Plasencia, Cáceres, Spain) Castanea sativa pollen is a major pollen. Objective: To determine the atmospheric fluctuations and prevalence of patients sensitized to Castanea pollen in our region and to compare this sensitization with sensitizations to other pollens. Methods: Patients with respiratory symptoms attending our outpatient clinic for the first time in 2003 were studied. The patients underwent skin prick tests with commercial extracts of a battery of inhalants including Castanea sativa pollen. Serologic specific IgE to Castanea sativa pollen was determined using the CAP system (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden). Airborne pollen counts in our city were obtained using Cour collection apparatus over a 4-year period (2000 to 2003). Results: The most predominant pollens detected were (mean of the maximal weekly concentrations over 4 years in pollen grains/m 3): Quercus 968, Poacea 660, Olea 325, Platanus 229, Pinus 126, Cupresaceae 117, Plantago 109, Alnus 41, Populus 40, Castanea 32. We studied 346 patients (mean age: 24.1 years). In 210 patients with a diagnosis of pollinosis, the percentages of sensitization were: Dactylis glomerata 80.4 %, Olea europea 71.9 %, Fraxinus excelsior 68 %, Plantago lanceolata 62.8 %, Chenopodium album 60.9 %, Robinia pseudoacacia 49 %, Artemisia vulgaris 43.8 %, Platanus acerifolia 36.6 %, Parietaria judaica 36.1 %, Populus nigra 32.3 %, Betula alba 27.6 %, Quercus ilex 21.4 %, Alnus glutinosa 20.9 %, Cupressus arizonica 7.6 % and Castanea sativa 7.1 %. Fifteen patients were sensitized to Castanea sativa and 14 had seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. Ten patients had serum specific IgE to Castanea pollen (maximum value: 17.4 Ku/l). Castanea pollen is present in our area in large amounts from the 23rd to the 28th weeks of the year, with a peak pollen count in the 25th week. Conclusions: The most important allergenic pollens in northern Extremadura were Poaceae, Olea europaea and Plantago sp. The prevalence of sensitization to Castanea sativa pollen was very low (7.1 %). Most sensitized patients had asthma and polysensitization. Castanea sativa pollen is not a major cause of pollinosis in our area

Neurobrucellosis mimicking migraine.

Central nervous system involvement in systemic brucellosis is not frequent. Neurobrucellosis may involve several areas of the central nervous system and may be the cause of several clinical pictures. We report a case of brucellar meningitis that was clinically indistinguishable from a migrainous syndrome. The diagnosis of brucellar meningitis was confirmed by the isolation of Brucella sp. in the cerebrospinal fluid.